Correlation of Serum IL-33 with IL-6 and IL-1κ Levels as Immunological Indicators of Host Inflammatory Response in Early-Stage Hepatic Hydatidosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Al-Najaf Province

Abstract

This article carefully describes the blood concentration of Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its correlation with two important pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). This helps explain the immunological condition that habours liver parasitic hydatid disease patients are in. Methods: From March 2024 to February 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Najaf Province involving 140 subjects divided into two groups: 70 patients seen as early-stage hepatic hydatidosis (CE1 and CE2), and 70 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Samples were collected from four major healthcare centers: Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital, Al-Furat General Hospital, Al-Najaf General Hospital, and Al-Hakeem General Hospital. Using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique, we quantitated serum concentrations of IL-33, IL-6, and IL-1β. Results: As a whole, the results showed that the mean serum levels of IL-33, IL-6, and IL-1β in patients with liver problems were markedly higher than those found control group (P 0.05). The study results suggest that IL-33 is a key “alarmin” in early-stage hepatic CE. Its strong positive correlations with IL-6 and IL-1β parallel the significant role in the inflammatory response that this axis must play. This means these cytokines could be used as monitoring indexes for measuring both the level of inflammation and state hepatocellular hydatidosis is in.